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The 2022 state ofInternal Tools

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Every company builds internal tools like admin panels, dashboards, and custom apps to help teams get work done faster. But the details — time spent, the frameworks and languages used, or even how success is measured — can vary wildly between companies (and even teams within the same organization).

We surveyed 2000+ people who have built internal tools (87% of whom are Retool customers and 57% of whom are engineers) to learn more about how they build and maintain these tools, as well as how the process has changed over the past few years. Below are a few of the most interesting insights we found:

Technical teams spend a lot of time on internal tools
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On average, respondents spend 33% of their time building internal tools. This does include a lot of Retool customers but, even so, it's surprising so many engineers spend a third of their time building and maintaining internal tools.

Respondents report spending 33% of their time on internal tools

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State of Internal Tools 2022

When you break it down by company size, an interesting trend emerges — respondents at larger companies are spending more time and writing more code for internal use cases.

% of time spent on internal tools vs. company size

60%

40%

20%

0%

1

2-9

10-19

20-99

100-499

500-999

1,000-4,999

5,000-9,999

10,000 or more

Company Size

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Solo founders report spending over a third of their time on internal tools — most likely on resources that fill in early company and product gaps. But as companies grow, the data suggest that time spent on internal tools increases … to a point.

Once a company reaches 10,000+ employees, time spent on internal tools slightly drops. This follows an existing trend from last year's survey, and might suggest that mature teams are able to codify more of their processes and, perhaps, share the responsibility of internal tooling across the business.


Custom code rules, but no-code solutions play a critical role
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By definition, every company's internal tools stack is unique. We asked respondents which tools they use to automate processes, build custom apps, and generally solve business problems with custom tools. It's no surprise given the makeup of the sample group that Retool is on top, but the survey results suggest that teams use both platforms to build fully custom apps, as well as augment with automation and workflow tools like Zapier (32%), and Airtable (25%).

Which platforms did you use to build your custom internal tools?

Retool

87.3%

Zapier

32.1%

Airtable

25.7%

Google AppSheet

19.3%

Salesforce Platform

10%

Microsoft PowerApps

7.9%

AWS Honeycode

2.6%

Tray.io

2%

OutSystems

1%

Filemaker

0.9%

Other

6.9%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

BI and visualization tools are also popular, with 27% of respondents using them beyond the normal analytics use cases. Tableau is the most used (39%), followed by Microsoft PowerBI (27%), and Google Data Studio / Looker (25% each).

React is popular for internal tools, too
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Out of the half of respondents who said they build internal tools from scratch, 57% are using React as their UI framework of choice. JQuery is still prevalent (21%), followed by Angular (12%), which is still a bit ahead of Vue (11%).

Which web framework(s) did you use to build your custom internal tools?

React.js

57.4%

jQuery

21.2%

Express

12.8%

Angular

12.2%

Vue.js

11.6%

Django

9.3%

Flask

8.8%

ASP.NET

8.5%

Ruby on Rails

7.9%

ASP.NET Core

7.5%

Spring

6.6%

Angular.js

6.4%

Laravel

4.4%

Gatsby

2.1%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

13% of developers said they're using an admin-specific framework for their internal tools. Django Admin is still the most popular by far (51%), followed by Active Admin (15%) and Rails Admin (also 15%). We've already seen that JavaScript and React are much more common than Python and Ruby (+Rails) despite the fact that there is no dominant admin framework for JS / React outside of react-admin.

As companies get larger, the mix of languages and frameworks they use for internal tools changes. SQL and Python are good examples: take a look at how they both become steadily more popular as companies grow (the one caveat being Python and companies over 10,000 employees).

SQL and Python popularity

SQL

Python

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

1

2-9

10-19

20-99

100-499

500-999

1,000-4,999

5,000-9,999

10,000 or more

Company Size

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Of course, larger companies use more languages and frameworks in general:

Average number of languages / frameworks used

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

1

2-9

10-19

20-99

100-499

500-999

1,000-4,999

5,000-9,999

10,000 or more

Company Size

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Databases are the most popular data source for internal tools
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82% of respondents build their internal tools directly on top of databases (production or otherwise), 63% report using internal APIs (REST, gRPC, etc.), and 44% use third party APIs like Stripe, GitHub, etc.

What kinds of data sources do your internal tools use?

Internal databases (relational, NoSQL, etc.)

82.3%

Internal APIs (REST, gRPC, etc.)

63.2%

Third party APIs (Stripe, Github, Firebase, etc.)

44.3%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

PostgreSQL is far and away the most popular database for internal tools (and perhaps by extension, as a production database among respondents). More than half of respondents who are building on an internal database are using Postgres, followed by 35% using MySQL, and 20% using MongoDB. The top five databases here are all production datastores (Postgres, MySQL, MongoDB, MSSQL, Firebase), but warehouses are also popular (e.g, BigQuery with 10%).

Which internal databases do you use to build custom internal tools?

PostgreSQL

53%

MySQL

35.7%

MongoDB

20%

MS SQL Server

13.3%

Firebase

10.8%

BigQuery

10.6%

Redis

10%

Elasticsearch

9.5%

DynamoDB

9.4%

Snowflake

9.3%

Redshift

7.8%

MariaDB

4.8%

Oracle

4.4%

Cassandra

1.3%

Neo4j

1.3%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Among third party APIs, Slack, and GitHub are the most popular with 42% of respondents using them, followed by Stripe (33%) and Salesforce (20%).

Which third party APIs do you use to build internal tools?

Slack

41.8%

GitHub

41.7%

Stripe

33.2%

Salesforce

20.3%

Twilio/SendGrid

18.9%

Airtable

18.6%

Zendesk

17.4%

Atlassian

17.1%

HubSpot

16.1%

Google Ads

13.9%

Facebook Ads

11.2%

Intercom

9.8%

Shopify

8.6%

Looker

8.5%

Mode

2.2%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Operations teams depend on internal tools more than ever
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We asked developers which teams they're building internal tools for, and for the first year since we've run this survey (2020), operations teams were the most popular (55%) response, a huge increase from last year, where Customer Support (41%) and Engineering (41%) narrowly beat out Operations (40%). In 2022, Operations internal tools were the most popular for all companies with more than 20 employees.

One hypothesis to explain this result is that there is a broadening definition of the Operations category (with specialized functions like BizOps, RevOps, or DevSecOps). The emergence of these teams also places an increased prioritization for tooling to increase operational efficiency. As we explore below, employee productivity is the top metric by which respondents measure ROI on internal tools. Outside of Operations, the teams for which engineers are building the most are Customer Support (52%), Sales (39%), and Engineering (38%).

Which teams do you build internal tools to support?

Operations

55.4%

Customer support/service

52.2%

Sales

39.6%

Engineering

37.9%

Data

32.5%

Marketing

30.7%

Finance

26.3%

IT

25.9%

Creative/Content

10.4%

Partnerships

9.3%

HR

9.1%

Legal

5.5%

Other

1.7%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Internal tools and security: still the wild west
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Over a quarter of respondents say they don't have access controls for internal tools, presenting a sizable risk exposure. An individual with unfettered access to internal tools potentially has the ability to add, edit, or delete information easily, which could disrupt operations or corrupt sensitive information. While breaches are more common for external apps than internal tools, companies often hold critical employee and user information inside of their internal tools (not to mention extremely sensitive business information!). The high profile internal admin panel breach at Twitter in 2020 was a good reminder that companies should consider internal security measures with the same degree of deliberation they pay to their external practices. Read more about how Retool keeps customer data secure.

Do you have access controls for your internal tools?

Yes

73.7%

No

26.3%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

More than half of businesses have FTEs dedicated to internal tools
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More than half of respondents (57%) indicated that their company has at least one full-time position dedicated to building or maintaining internal tools.

Unsurprisingly, the majority of those positions are in Engineering (38%), followed by Operations (20%), then Data (17%).

Which departments at your company have at least one full-time employee dedicated to internal tools?

We don’t have any full-time employees dedicated to internal tools

42.7%

Engineering

37.7%

Operations

20.1%

Data

16.5%

Product

16.4%

Design

7.5%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

Most internal tools are measured on productivity gains
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Survey respondents indicated that improved employee productivity (60%, up from 54% in 2021) is their North Star metric for tracking ROI from internal tools. Productivity, which is admittedly nebulous to measure in and of itself, was followed by the more quantitative responses of reduced business costs (36%), and employee satisfaction (25%).

How do you measure the return on investment (ROI) from internal tools?

Improved employee productivity

60.1%

Reduced business costs

36.3%

Employee satisfaction (e.g. NPS)

24.8%

Employee adoption (e.g. % of employee using the app)

24.5%

Increased company revenue

19.7%

Usage of engagement metrics (e.g. MAU, clicks)

17.4%

Other

7.6%

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State of Internal Tools 2022

This year's report highlights trends that have persisted for several years — like how most companies measure internal tools on productivity gains and the technologies we use to build them (e.g. React, Postgres, automation platforms). It also highlights trends that speak to big opportunities for internal tools, like how much time is spent on building and maintenance, and how much room there is for more security investments.

Methodology
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The insights in this report were gathered from a public survey of 2285 developers and technical leaders in May 2022 — with active Retool customers representing 87% of respondents. Please see below for a deeper breakdown of respondents by industry, country, and role.

Top 5 industries

  • Information Technology, 21% of respondents
  • Financial Services, 15% of respondents
  • Retail, 9% of respondents
  • Data & Analytics, 8% of respondents
  • Healthcare, 7% of respondents

Top 5 countries

  • USA, 45% of respondents
  • India, 10% of respondents
  • UK, 6% of respondents
  • Canada, 4% of respondents
  • Germany, 4% of respondents

Top 5 roles

  • Full-stack Developer, 20% of respondents
  • Product Manager, 11% of respondents
  • Backend Developer, 10% of respondents
  • Co-Founder, 9% of respondents
  • Business Operations, 8% of respondents